Ethical dimensions of the number of embryos to be transferred in in vitro fertilization. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • PURPOSE: We propose an ethically justified policy for the number of embryos to transfer in an in vitro fertilization (IVF), by considering fourfactors: medical outcomes, patient's preferences, costs, and market forces of providers. METHODS: We develop an ethical framework that incorporates three ethical principles: beneficence, respect for autonomy, and justice; and three professional virtues: integrity, compassion, and self-sacrifice. RESULTS: This ethical framework calls for an informed consent process for IVF that provides: information about medical outcomes; information about the risks of multiple gestation; the opportunity to weigh the goal of pregnancy and live birth against the medical and moral risks of multiple gestation; evidence-based recommendations; protection of the woman from potentially coercive influences; and discussion of living with infertility and going to better centers. CONCLUSION: The number of embryos to be transferred in IVF should mainly be a function of the pregnant women's informed decision. Limiting the number of transferred embryos to two in all cases is not ethically justified at this time.

publication date

  • November 1, 2001

Research

keywords

  • Bioethical Issues
  • Embryo Transfer

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC3455696

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 0035682057

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1023/a:1013104820518

PubMed ID

  • 11804425

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 18

issue

  • 11