Allograft meniscal transplantation: background, techniques, and results.

Overview

In the early arthritic knee, meniscal allograft transplantation alleviates pain and provides for a measurable improvement in functional level in appropriately selected postmeniscectomy patients. The allograft heals readily to the host, develops a normal appearance, and repopulates with the host cells. The allograft functions similarly to autograft tissue in its load-sharing properties. Theoretically, restoration of normal meniscal anatomy should decelerate or prevent further degenerative changes; however, this particular indication remains investigational. Basic science and clinical results support the intermediate-term efficacy of allograft meniscus transplantation in symptomatic meniscectomized patients as long as relevant comorbidities are corrected and significant coexisting arthritis is absent. Excellent pain relief and improved function can be achieved when rigid indications are adhered to.