There have been concerns that growth hormone (GH) therapy may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Although data are limited and conflicting, one recent report on cancer risk in individuals with no cancer history or risk factors for cancer who were treated with pituitary GH demonstrated a small increased risk of colon cancer and deaths from colon cancer and Hodgkin disease. The data from cancer survivors have consistently shown no increased risk of recurrence of the primary tumor in survivors of all tumor types who are treated with GH. One recent study did show a small increased risk of second solid tumors in survivors previously treated with GH. Limited data suggest that GH therapy is not associated with excess cancer risk in individuals with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and neurofibromatosis type 1. Overall, the clinical data are reassuring, but continued surveillance is mandatory.
