A design for cancer case-control studies using only incident cases: experience with the GEM study of melanoma. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • BACKGROUND: The population-based case-control study is not suited to the evaluation of rare genetic (or environmental) factors. The use of a novel case-control design in which cases have second primaries and controls are cancer survivors has been proposed for this purpose. METHODS: We report results from an international study of melanoma that involved population-based ascertainment of incident cases of second or subsequent primary melanoma as the 'case' group and incident cases of first primary melanoma as the 'control' group. We evaluate the validity of the study design by comparing the results obtained for phenotypic factors that have been shown consistently to be associated with melanoma in previous conventional studies with the results from a conventional case-control study conducted in Connecticut and from literature reviews. RESULTS: All but one of the known risk factors for melanoma were shown to be significantly associated with melanoma in our study, though the individual odds ratios appear to be somewhat attenuated relative to the magnitudes typically observed in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a second or subsequent primary cancer of a single type represent a potentially valuable and under-utilized resource for the study of cancer aetiology.

authors

  • Begg, Colin B.
  • Hummer, Amanda J
  • Mujumdar, Urvi
  • Armstrong, Bruce K
  • Kricker, Anne
  • Marrett, Loraine D
  • Millikan, Robert C
  • Gruber, Stephen B
  • Culver, Hoda Anton
  • Zanetti, Roberto
  • Gallagher, Richard P
  • Dwyer, Terrence
  • Rebbeck, Timothy R
  • Busam, Klaus
  • From, Lynn
  • Berwick, Marianne

publication date

  • March 23, 2006

Research

keywords

  • Melanoma
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary
  • Skin Neoplasms

Identity

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 33745632089

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1093/ije/dyl044

PubMed ID

  • 16556646

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 35

issue

  • 3