Innovations in the management of displaced proximal humerus fractures.

Overview

The management of displaced proximal humerus fractures has evolved toward humeral head preservation, with treatment decisions based on careful assessment of vascular status, bone quality, fracture pattern, degree of displacement, and patient age and activity level. The AO/ASIF fracture classification is helpful in guiding treatment and in stratifying the risk for associated disruption of the humeral head blood supply. Nonsurgical treatment consists of sling immobilization. For patients requiring surgery, options include closed reduction and percutaneous fixation; transosseous suture fixation; open reduction and internal fixation, with either conventional or locking plate fixation; bone graft; and hemiarthroplasty. Proximal humerus fractures must be evaluated on an individual basis, with treatment tailored according to patient and fracture characteristics.