'I will not cut . . . ': the oath that defined urology.

Overview

OBJECTIVE: To explore different interpretations of the clause embedded in the Hippocratic Oath, prohibiting surgery for stones, and its relevance for urology. METHODS: Various translations of the Oath, from the original Greek edition to historical revisions, were reviewed. RESULTS: Controversy surrounds different translations and interpretations of the Oath about the practice of lithotomy among ancient healers. The reasons Hippocratic physicians were prohibited from performing lithotomy are several, but the consensus is that untrained physicians pledged not to undertake such a complicated procedure, but to refer their patients to other healers who specialized in that practice. CONCLUSION: The Hippocratic Oath actually defined, identified and legitimized urology as the first medical speciality.