PURPOSE: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal disease causing a global disproportionate number of thyroid cancer-related deaths. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has recently produced clear and comprehensive guidelines to assist physicians treating ATC. METHODS: The recent ATA guideline publication was reviewed. A systematic review of studies indexed in Medline and Pubmed was also undertaken using search terms relevant to ATC. RESULTS: Patients with ATC have a median survival of 5 months and less than 20% survive 1 year. Early tumor dissemination results in 20-50% percent of patients having distant metastases and 90% having adjacent tissue invasion on presentation. This highlights the necessity for effective combined therapy. Stage IVA/ IVB, resectable disease may benefit from a multimodal (surgery, IMRT for loco regional control, and systemic therapy) approach. However, a majority of patients present with unresectable locoregional disease. Early palliative care involvement is inclusive of life-prolonging therapies. ATC management demands rapid, complex and integrated multidisciplinary decision making. CONCLUSION: In this article we discuss the multidisciplinary strategies that exist to optimize the management of these patients in accordance with the recent guidelines from The American Thyroid Association.
