Adult congenital heart disease: a practical approach.

Overview

Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) represent an increasing population both because anomalies that might have remained undiagnosed in the past are now being diagnosed later in life on imaging and because significant therapeutic advances have resulted in survival to adulthood of patients with complex CHD. In this article, we discuss simple and common complex congenital anomalies that are encountered in general practice including their incidence, associations, and expected postoperative appearances. We will describe an approach to segmental anatomy and situs evaluation and details of some of the common vascular anomalies, simple shunts, and complex CHDs to refine the imaging strategies and diagnostic acumen of radiologists interested in CHD who may not be practicing in specialized adult CHD centers. Key imaging appearances on chest radiography, protocoling tips for answering clinically relevant questions on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the specific imaging appearances and common complications related to long-standing CHD in the adult and complications of treatment are reviewed for each entity.