Mining the Complex Family of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases for Checkpoint Regulators in Immunity. Review uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • The family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) includes 107 genes in humans that are diverse in their structures and expression profiles. The majority are present in immune cells and play various roles in either inhibiting or promoting the duration and amplitude of signaling cascades. Several PTPs, including TC-PTP (PTPN2) and SHP-1 (PTPN6), have been recognized as being crucial for maintaining proper immune response and self-tolerance, and have gained recognition as true immune system checkpoint modulators. This chapter details the most recent literature on PTPs and immunity by examining their known functions in regulating signaling from either established checkpoint inhibitors or by their intrinsic properties, as modulators of the immune response. Notably, we review PTP regulatory properties in macrophages, antigen-presenting dendritic cells, and T cells. Overall, we present the PTP gene family as a remarkable source of novel checkpoint inhibitors wherein lies a great number of new targets for immunotherapies.

publication date

  • January 1, 2017

Research

keywords

  • Immunity
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  • Signal Transduction

Identity

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85035232065

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1007/82_2017_68

PubMed ID

  • 28929190

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 410