Vascular Responses to Post Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia and Systemic Inflammation in Overlap Syndrome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Academic Article
Overview
abstract
BACKGROUND: Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (RH) is impaired in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of the present study was to examine systemic vascular response and endothelial function in patients of Overlap Syndrome (OS) of COPD and OSA and also to investigate whether OS has any additional effect on endothelial dysfunction when compared to dysfunction caused by COPD alone. METHODS: 31 COPD patients and 13 healthy controls participated in the study. Overnight Polysomnogra was done to classify the patients into COPD only group (Apnea-Hypopnea Index <5) (n=15) and OS group (AHI >5) (n=16). Peripheral pulse waveform changes during reactive hyperemia were assessed using digital Photoplethysmography (PPG) technique in which pulse wave amplitude (PWA), Maximum slope of upstroke and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) were measured. C - reactive protein was assessed as marker of inflammation by ELISA. RESULTS: Maximum percentage changes in PWA during RH were significantly lower in the both COPD group [20.34(12.02-34.07)] (p<0.001) and Overlap Syndrome group [10.96(6.21-21.49)] (p<0.0001) as compared to Controls [49.79(46.03-65.32)], whereas amplitude responses were not significantly different in the COPD and OS group (p>0.05). Maximum percentage change in slope of upstroke showed similar responses in the three groups. CRP levels (mg/) were raised in COPD [11.60(1.75-15.00] (p<0.001) and OS group [12.52(5.28- 15.70))](p<0.0001) as compared to controls [0.59(0.58-0.91)]. Maximum percentage change in amplitude negatively correlated with serum CRP levels in COPD group (r=-0.557, p=0.03) and in OS group (r=-O.552, p= 0.02). FEV1% predicted positively correlated with maximum percentage change in amplitude in OS group(r=0.579, p=0.018). No correlation of AHI was found with any of the vascular function parameter in Overlap group. CONCLUSION: The patients with Overlap Syndrome have systemic inflammation and impaired reactive hyperaemia response. However, no additive effect of OSA was observed on impaired RH in patients with co-existing COPD.
