A Review of 3-Dimensional Skin Bioprinting Techniques: Applications, Approaches, and Trends.
Academic Article
Overview
abstract
BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is used to fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) artificial scaffolds to create a microenvironment that mimics human tissue. Bioprinting uses biomaterials, cells, and/or bioink to fabricate prospective scaffolds to mirror the structural, compositional, and functional aspects of the skin. Various bioprinting methods (inkjet-based bioprinting, pressure-assisted bioprinting, and laser-assisted bioprinting) have been used for regenerative wound repair and have been characterized based on biocompatibility, cellular microenvironment, cell proliferation, vitality, and morphology. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the basic principles of 3D printing, current 3D skin bioprinting applications and approaches, and future directions for regenerative medical skin constructs. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed with keywords "three-dimensional printing," "dermatologic surgery," "bioprinting," "reconstructive surgical procedures," "wound healing," "skin grafts," "skin scaffolds," "tissue reconstruction," and "tissue engineering." RESULTS: A summary of the different applications and 3-dimensional skin bioprinting techniques is presented. In addition, synthetic, natural, and combination polymers are reviewed. Advantages, disadvantages, indications, and approaches are discussed in depth. CONCLUSION: Skin grafting is a dynamic technique of dermal reconstruction that can be successful with comprehensive knowledge of skin bioprinting methods.
