Posterior lamellar keratoplasty: techniques, outcomes, and recent advances.

Overview

Over the past 2 decades, posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) has emerged as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of corneal endothelial disorders. The reasons for this trend include the search for a safer procedure to replace diseased endothelium that provides faster and better visual rehabilitation and reduces the need for postoperative care. Different surgical techniques, surgical instruments, devices, and lasers have been introduced to overcome technical difficulties, thus improving clinical outcomes. Yet, surgeons and eye banks must address the complications and limitations that arise during the transition to these new techniques. This review discusses the most significant aspects of the evolution of PLK, including a detailed description of current techniques and the direction of future treatment for corneal endothelial disease with the use of laser-assisted surgery, bioengineered corneas, cell therapy, and new pharmacologic therapy.