Synaptic Mechanisms Regulating Mood State Transitions in Depression. Review uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • Depression is an episodic form of mental illness characterized by mood state transitions with poorly understood neurobiological mechanisms. Antidepressants reverse the effects of stress and depression on synapse function, enhancing neurotransmission, increasing plasticity, and generating new synapses in stress-sensitive brain regions. These properties are shared to varying degrees by all known antidepressants, suggesting that synaptic remodeling could play a key role in depression pathophysiology and antidepressant function. Still, it is unclear whether and precisely how synaptogenesis contributes to mood state transitions. Here, we review evidence supporting an emerging model in which depression is defined by a distinct brain state distributed across multiple stress-sensitive circuits, with neurons assuming altered functional properties, synapse configurations, and, importantly, a reduced capacity for plasticity and adaptation. Antidepressants act initially by facilitating plasticity and enabling a functional reconfiguration of this brain state. Subsequently, synaptogenesis plays a specific role in sustaining these changes over time.

publication date

  • May 4, 2022

Research

keywords

  • Antidepressive Agents
  • Depression

Identity

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85131384117

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-040422

PubMed ID

  • 35508195

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 45