Oxidized base damage and single-strand break repair in mammalian genomes: role of disordered regions and posttranslational modifications in early enzymes. Review uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • Oxidative genome damage induced by reactive oxygen species includes oxidized bases, abasic (AP) sites, and single-strand breaks, all of which are repaired via the evolutionarily conserved base excision repair/single-strand break repair (BER/SSBR) pathway. BER/SSBR in mammalian cells is complex, with preferred and backup sub-pathways, and is linked to genome replication and transcription. The early BER/SSBR enzymes, namely, DNA glycosylases (DGs) and the end-processing proteins such as abasic endonuclease 1 (APE1), form complexes with downstream repair (and other noncanonical) proteins via pairwise interactions. Furthermore, a unique feature of mammalian early BER/SSBR enzymes is the presence of a disordered terminal extension that is absent in their Escherichia coli prototypes. These nonconserved segments usually contain organelle-targeting signals, common interaction interfaces, and sites of posttranslational modifications that may be involved in regulating their repair function including lesion scanning. Finally, the linkage of BER/SSBR deficiency to cancer, aging, and human neurodegenerative diseases, and therapeutic targeting of BER/SSBR are discussed.

publication date

  • January 1, 2012

Research

keywords

  • DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded
  • DNA Repair
  • DNA Repair Enzymes
  • Genome
  • Mammals
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC3531629

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 84862978423

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1016/B978-0-12-387665-2.00006-7

PubMed ID

  • 22749145

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 110