Optical Regulation of Class C GPCRs by Photoswitchable Orthogonal Remotely Tethered Ligands. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to a wide range of extracellular cues to initiate complex downstream signaling cascades that control myriad aspects of cell function. Despite a long-standing appreciation of their importance to both basic physiology and disease treatment, it remains a major challenge to understand the dynamic activation patterns of GPCRs and the mechanisms by which they modulate biological processes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Unfortunately, classical methods of pharmacology and genetic knockout are often unable to provide the requisite precision needed to probe such questions. This is an especially pressing challenge for the class C GPCR family which includes receptors for the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, which signal in a rapid, spatially-delimited manner and contain many different subtypes whose roles are difficult to disentangle. The desire to manipulate class C GPCRs with spatiotemporal precision, genetic targeting, and subtype specificity has led to the development of a variety of photopharmacological tools. Of particular promise are the photoswitchable orthogonal remotely tethered ligands ("PORTLs") which attach to self-labeling tags that are genetically encoded into full length, wild-type metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and allow the receptor to be liganded and un-liganded in response to different wavelengths of illumination. While powerful for studying class C GPCRs, a number of detailed considerations must be made when working with these tools. The protocol included here should provide a basis for the development, characterization, optimization, and application of PORTLs for a wide range of GPCRs.

publication date

  • January 1, 2019

Research

keywords

  • Optogenetics
  • Photochemical Processes
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC6538505

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85064722572

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.031

PubMed ID

  • 30969413

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 1947