Genome Diversity and the Origin of the Arabian Horse. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • The Arabian horse, one of the world's oldest breeds of any domesticated animal, is characterized by natural beauty, graceful movement, athletic endurance, and, as a result of its development in the arid Middle East, the ability to thrive in a hot, dry environment. Here we studied 378 Arabian horses from 12 countries using equine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and whole-genome re-sequencing to examine hypotheses about genomic diversity, population structure, and the relationship of the Arabian to other horse breeds. We identified a high degree of genetic variation and complex ancestry in Arabian horses from the Middle East region. Also, contrary to popular belief, we could detect no significant genomic contribution of the Arabian breed to the Thoroughbred racehorse, including Y chromosome ancestry. However, we found strong evidence for recent interbreeding of Thoroughbreds with Arabians used for flat-racing competitions. Genetic signatures suggestive of selective sweeps across the Arabian breed contain candidate genes for combating oxidative damage during exercise, and within the "Straight Egyptian" subgroup, for facial morphology. Overall, our data support an origin of the Arabian horse in the Middle East, no evidence for reduced global genetic diversity across the breed, and unique genetic adaptations for both physiology and conformation.

publication date

  • June 16, 2020

Research

keywords

  • Genetic Variation
  • Horses

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC7298027

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85085754305

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003211

PubMed ID

  • 32546689

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 10

issue

  • 1