Perforin-2 clockwise hand-over-hand pre-pore to pore transition mechanism. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • Perforin-2 (PFN2, MPEG1) is a pore-forming protein that acts as a first line of defense in the mammalian immune system, rapidly killing engulfed microbes within the phagolysosome in macrophages. PFN2 self-assembles into hexadecameric pre-pore rings that transition upon acidification into pores damaging target cell membranes. Here, using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) imaging and line-scanning and molecular dynamics simulation, we elucidate PFN2 pre-pore to pore transition pathways and dynamics. Upon acidification, the pre-pore rings (pre-pore-I) display frequent, 1.8 s-1, ring-opening dynamics that eventually, 0.2 s-1, initiate transition into an intermediate, short-lived, ~75 ms, pre-pore-II state, inducing a clockwise pre-pore-I to pre-pore-II propagation. Concomitantly, the first pre-pore-II subunit, undergoes a major conformational change to the pore state that propagates also clockwise at a rate ~15 s-1. Thus, the pre-pore to pore transition is a clockwise hand-over-hand mechanism that is accomplished within ~1.3 s. Our findings suggest a clockwise mechanism of membrane insertion that with variations may be general for the MACPF/CDC superfamily.

publication date

  • August 26, 2022

Research

keywords

  • Macrophages
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC9418332

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85137121295

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5

PubMed ID

  • 36028507

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 13

issue

  • 1